APT
APT - 高级软件包工具
APT 是一个在基于Debian的发行版中普遍使用的软件包管理器,其能够简单快速地安装和删除软件包。它会根据依赖关系自动启动下载并安装所需软件包的依赖的包。
安装 APT
APT 包含在最新版本的 openSUSE当中,但并不默认安装。如需安装APT，只需打开 YaST，在YaST的软件管理模块中的搜索一栏输入 apt 并安装。然后最新的apt以及所需的库等将被安装到您的系统中去。您可能同样需要搜索安装apt的图形界面：synaptic（新立得）。一旦 APT 和新立得安装成功，您就要用您喜欢的编辑器编辑 /etc/apt/sources.list ，该文件包含了一个软件安装源列表。
可以参阅以下样板文件
# A very basic sources.list file. # # Fastest repository comes first, with netselect it is possible to determine # the fastest repository easily. # # Visit http://software.opensuse.org/download/ to determine which additional # components are available. Some examples are given below, just uncomment # the line to enable it. # # The apt format: # repomd http://download.opensuse.org/distribution/10.3/repo/oss/suse/ / # # Notice from the example above that repomd is the repository type for OpenSuSE YAST repositories. # This data type is followed by the URL of the repository. # The directory URL should be the directory path to the folder that is directly above the repodata folder on the server. # In other words, the http://download.opensuse.org/distribution/10.3/repo/oss/suse/ folder contains the repodata folder. # The line is ended with a space and another / to indicate that our repodata is located in this folder. # # Have a lot of fun with APT! #Main 10.3 Repository repomd http://ftp5.gwdg.de/pub/opensuse/distribution/10.3/repo/oss/suse/ / repomd http://ftp5.gwdg.de/pub/opensuse/distribution/10.3/repo/non-oss/suse/ / #VideoLAN repomd http://download.videolan.org/pub/vlc/SuSE/10.3/ / #NVIDIA repomd http://download.nvidia.com/opensuse/10.3/ / #Packman repomd http://packman.unixheads.com/suse/10.3/ / #APT for RPM repomd http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/home:/rbos/openSUSE_10.3/ /
请参考 软件源来获取一个可用的软件源列表。
当您修改软件源之后，请使用apt-get update来获取一个所有可用软件包的列表。如果某个安装过程失败了，您可以使用apt-get -f install命令来修复所有损坏的依赖关系。
自动更新
如果想要每日自动刷新可用包列表，请编辑/etc/sysconfig/autoupdate，加入以下语句
AUTOUPDATE_ENABLE=yes
使用APT
APT有命令行模式和图形模式( 新立得)。您可以按如下指导在命令行下使用APT或是直接使用 新立得。
APT有两个主要的命令：apt-get 和 apt-cache。如果您已经安装了APT，那么您可以使用apt-cache search来搜索软件包。提示：在搜索软件包之前您需要在网上获得一个当前可用包的列表。您可以使用apt-get update命令来完成获得列表的工作。请注意，apt-get update命令并不会安装任何东西，该命令只会获取一个所有可用包的列表。因为这个列表更新频繁，所以建议您每周运行一次这个命令。
zero:~ # apt-get update Get:1 http://ftp.gwdg.de SuSE/9.1-i386 release [12.4kB] Fetched 12.4kB in 3s (3539B/s) Get:1 http://ftp.gwdg.de SuSE/9.1-i386/suser-guru pkglist [265kB] Get:2 http://ftp.gwdg.de SuSE/9.1-i386/suser-guru release [135B] Get:3 http://ftp.gwdg.de SuSE/9.1-i386/packman pkglist [199kB] Get:4 http://ftp.gwdg.de SuSE/9.1-i386/packman release [132B] Get:5 http://ftp.gwdg.de SuSE/9.1-i386/packman-i686 pkglist [68.3k] .............. Get:16 http://ftp.gwdg.de SuSE/9.1-i386/security-prpm release [138B] Fetched 1746kB in 2m56s (9887B/s) Reading Package Lists... Done Building Dependency Tree... Done
使用apt-get install命令即可安装安装包。示例：如果您想搜索gaim，可以使用如下命令：
zero:~ # apt-cache search gaim bitlbee - An IRC to other chat networks gateway gaim-devel - Development environment for gaim gaim-guifications - Guifications plugin for Gaim gaim-perl - Perl bindings for gaim gaim-tcl - Tcl/Tk bindings for gaim OpenOffice_org - A Free Office Suite (the Language Independent part) gaim - A multi-protocol Instant Messenger client gaim-vv - Gaim is Compatible with the AOL Instant Messenger linphone-im - A modified version of Linphone
使用apt-cache search命令后会列出所有相符合的软件包的名称，并附带一小段的说明。现在假设您想要安装gaim-guifications：
zero:~ # apt-get install gaim-guifications Reading Package Lists... Done Building Dependency Tree... Done The following NEW packages will be installed: gaim-guifications 0 upgraded,aptnewly installed, 0 removed and 354 not upgraded. Need to get 150kB of archives. After unpacking 520kB of additional disk space will be used. Get:1 http://ftp.gwdg.de SuSE/9.1-i386/suser-guru gaim-guifications 2.8-1.guru.suse91 [150kB] Fetched 150kB in 8s (17.6kB/s) Committing changes... Preparing... ########################################### [100%] 1:gaim-guifications ########################################### [100%]
当您在使用apt-get install命令的时候，它会检查软件包是否已经被安装。如果软件包已经被安装，它则会检查当前是否有更新的版本。如果该软件有更新的版本可用，它会自动获取并安装该软件的更新版本。例如想要安装mplayer的时候：
zero:~ # apt-cache search mplayer kplayer - KDE Media Player based on MPlayer mplayerplug-in - MPlayer Plugin for Netscape/Mozilla xine-skins - Skins for xine-ui MPlayer - Movie Player libpostproc - The postproc library of MPlayer live - live.com librarys transcode - a linux video stream processing utility libvisual-plugins - sound visualisation library plugins MPlayer-suite - A virtual package to obtain MPlayer and many of the plugins xmms-mplayer - Use xmms as a frontend for MPlayer mpav - MPlayer Audio Visualization xmmsmplayer - XMMS MPlayer Input Plugin kmenc15 - Kde frontend to mencoder zero:~ # apt-get install MPlayer-suite Reading Package Lists... Done Building Dependency Tree... Done MPlayer-suite is already the newest version. 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 removed and 354 not upgraded.
参考